Recent forum posts (all topics)

  • Dating: We both have it! Advice plz by: Bamaguy 12 years 1 week ago
    So, I'm slightly under 30 and she's slightly over It's EXTREMELY early in the relationship, but I'd rather know what I'm getting into before one of us is set up for heartbreak. I'm the guy, btw. We've both had bad luck with serious relationships. I'm divorces, and she broke up with a long term fiance a while back. I'm not currently diagnosed with add, but I have all the symptoms: disorganisation, I become infatuated with women easily, I have to be careful to not rant and rant about things I care about, other times when I'm having a serious conversation, i'll blink and totally forget what I was talking about. Not the sentance, but the whole conversation. Because I was never diagnosed, I never considered it a weakness or flaw- just a weird character trait. Recently, I've met an amazing woman. We met as friends and started talking/texting. She told me (jokingly I thought) I wouldn't want to date her because she's "crazy". She listed why, and it wasn't a short list: history of drugs/alcohol, attempted suicide, way oversensitive, fragile/broken self esteem... Perhaps foolishly, I focused on the fact that I've gone through similiar things and could help her. (be her rock, etc) Anyways, my biggest problem at the moment (maybe not related to add at all :( ) is hard to explain.. Lets say me and her do something fun, we'll call it "Y" Evidently I'm not expressive enough, so she believes I didn't enjoy "Y" After going back and forth between "I liked it!" "No you didn't.", she ends up saying she feels bad and never wants to do "Y" again. Any tips? I'm not putting all the blame on her, I definately have my own problems (Like not expressing emotions, other than "I love you" so fast it's silly. I learned early on to keep the L-words to myself for a while.
  • What to do about his endless anger-triggering thoughts by: DragonTamerWife 12 years 1 week ago

    What I saw:

    Him walking over to the table and throwing a stack of paper onto the table with an angry expression on his face.

    Him sitting back in his chair and angrily throwing a pencil and some papers on the table.

    Saying disrespectful, unkind things to me, like "You can leave. Go away!" in front of the kids.

    Calling a timeout but not circling back to the conversation, nor starting the talk again.

    Being sarcastic towards me when we were leaving to get on a plane. "Send me your complaints!" was the last thing he called after me as I walked away.

    I asked him what he thought was going on, what he saw, and his long email rant went on for pages, but here's the gist of it:

    I saw him working on his laptop, when I knew that he had other things he needed to be doing if we were going to get out of there in time to get my son. I said, "You can do that later. I'm just trying to help." His trigger thoughts were as follows: She assumes the worst in me. She is trying to control my behaviors. She is saying I'm doing something wrong. She thinks she knows better. She thinks I don't know what I'm doing. She doesn't trust me. She only harps on the negative aspects of my ADHD. She complains about me nonstop. She acts like she's the only one who cares about our relationship. All these thoughts made him very angry, and he felt justified in raising his voice, shutting me out, and then getting mean and sarcastic with me.

    How can I tell him that he has a responsibility to manage his own thoughts so he doesn't get furious 6 times a day?

  • He actually believes what he's saying, even when it's not true by: LaRoyal 12 years 1 week ago

    I know, this is an endless topic... my husband who has mild ADHD really believes everything he says, even when it's completely false.

    Example: We have been arguing about a renovation that needs to be done - since last spring - it's now November. He will not commit to doing it, yet he won't allow me to go ahead, even though I want to and can pay for it, because he wants control over it? He doesn't really want to do it? Not sure. Last Tuesday I confronted him again, and he said he would get back to me in 3 days with his answer. Well, he went away camping, and 3 days were well past, so I told my husband I am calling a contractor, he is free to participate, but we're going ahead. This is a reno that is really much needed, in my own workspace, and if we don't do it soon, there might be health issues because of mold.

    Suddenly he tells me that the very next day, after that 'wait-3-day conversation', he had told me that he agreed to do the job himself, with all kinds of details about how and when etc!!!  We. never. had.that. conversation. I tried to get him to tell me which day, which time of day, what room were we in, when he told me all this stuff. He just gets angrier and walks out.

    He yells at me, telling ME I am only using this topic as an excuse to yell and be mad!!! Hell, I would have been DELIGHTED if he'd actually offered to do the work. Why the heck would I want an excuse to be mad? On top of that, he blames me for all the defects in the previous work that was done on the house and property because I'm the one who hired the workers. You would not believe the stuff I'm responsible for, every leak, every tiniest problem, 1/4 inch off square in a corner... sometimes I think I might be responsible for WWI, the Big Bang, world famine, and maybe even global warming. For sure, global warming. He makes me feel like s---. But on the other hand, he will never actually commit to BEGINNING anything, so naturally I am always perfect for blaming.

    But he believes it all! It's kind of insane. At times I think I will have to just blow my head off to feel better. Different versions of this story happen all the time. He tells outright lies, but to him, they are truth.

    Can someone please help me think this through and find a peaceful space. In most things he is a kind, gentle man. No one would believe me if I told them this stuff.

  • Ritalin and divorce by: doingmybest 12 years 1 week ago

    My husband started taking Ritalin about 1 year ago.  In the beginning I noticed some changes in attention and he said it was really helping focus at work.  Only problem our marriage seemed to deteriorate.  He is not the same person. I can't explain when it began.  He started traveling more, becoming more distant. He was offered a job in FL we live in CA and was in the process of offer and acceptance.  It was a HUGE decision we have 2 boys 3 and 5 the 5 year old was diagnosed with Autism when he was 2. Anyway we had a fight and he was SO aggressive and mean I figured he had started it on purpose.  The next day he acted like everything was fine kissed me goodbye came home started talking about the job offer then brought up the fight.  Started screaming in my face and walked out.  I thought he was going to cool off but I got an e-mail at 10:45 saying we were separated and he was no longer interested and further efforts in restoring our marriage.  I was shocked.  I tried to call his phone was off I sent him an email never heard back so I called the next day.  He said he saw the e-mail and was like so who cares.  He filed for divorce that Wed. and moved the rest of his stuff into storage.  He now lives in a hotel in FL with no plans to come home and see the kids. 

    I also found out he is telling people I was hitting him while he was laying in bed and that I was controlling him keeping him away from his friends and family and that he did everything for me. I was SHOCKED!  None of this is true.  He has been doing really strange things like taking my video camera from the house without telling me then returning it with all the videos deleted, purposefully not giving me enough money for me and the kids, taking the kids bikes and leaving them at his parents - the list goes on.

    I can't figure any of this out.  Can this be the Ritalin or is this really him?  Who leaves their wife and kids and moves 3,000 miles away.  He has not once shown an ounce of remorse or sadness.  When I see him he is chipper and acts like everything is normal. I do not know this man.  The ADHD was bad but this is worse!

     

    My marriage will never be repaired I know that but it would help to get some answers my head is spinning.  Can anyone help?  

  • The arguement ended with. . . . . . me again by: I'm So Exhausted 12 years 1 week ago

    While reviewing the list of our debt, my ADHD spouse decided to hone in on his opinion of the reason we are in debt is the balance we still owe for my new dental partial.  He then proceeded digging into the past to REMIND me that my bad teeth were caused by my eating disorder - which I have been free from for OVER 20 years.

    Funny. . . .for all the years I thought ALL my dental problems were caused by eating disorders, I recently find out I had bad teeth to start out with, and though they were impacted by the eating issues - I ALWAYS HAD bad teeth.  My 23 year old son has bad teeth, which he inherited - this info came from our dentist -  from me.  No amount of brushing and flossing and fluoride treatments and dental visits every 6 months keeps the cavities away.   

    It's not about my teeth. - But that's where we ended up, with the focus off the issue at hand , and me feeling the BLAME was placed on me.

    Oh, I know better.  But gotta say, that wound inflicted with those words was a painful one. 

    Gotta scrap myself up and get out of this spot of  hurting.  I am sooooo tired of this.   

     

     

     

  • please help - need advice especially from Nons. by: ellamenno 12 years 1 week ago

    I have been irritated for years over the fact that DH does no housework at all.  Absolutely NONE.  I had chalked it up to the fact that he is in Academia and has lots of work to do outside of just teaching.  Also, since the kids, I haven't had a 'real' job and have made a paltry amount of money each of the last 6 years.  But I'm getting angrier and angrier as my schedule fills up with jobs and I am STILL doing everything.

    We sat down and made a schedule, like he'd suggested, because i'm lousy at time management.  But it's not working out at all, because the times that i've set aside on weekends to get my work done, he will not 'babysit' the kids.  There's always some reason why he can't ("I've got work to do!") but.... he is always instead, playing with his iPad.  I have pointed this out on numerous occasions, we have 'learning conversations' where he agrees (reluctantly and grumpily) that he'll clean the kitchen on the ONE night a week I'm not there to do it... but then... it doesn't happen.  I still have to beg/nag/remind.  The few times during the week that I'd set aside to prepare for classes, are now filled with classes.  I have to rely on him to give me time to work, because the only time I'm able to is when he is home and he doesn't want me to hire a babysitter because that would be ridiculous when we're both home.

    Now, folks here's the thing:  he is NOT ADHD.  *I* am the one with the 'problem.' He is FULLY CAPABLE of cleaning up after himself and the kids but for some reason will not do it.  When I left town for a few days while DD#1 was about a year old, all of our friends joked that he would be so grateful when I returned.  Instead, when I came home the house was tidy and dinner was simmering on the stove.  So.... he CAN do it.  But WON'T.  He has often told me he feels 'disrespected' if I leave a dresser drawer or cabinet door open...  and I am NOT CONSCIOUSLY DOING IT AND HE KNOWS THAT.... so..... how much respect is he showing me when he won't lift a finger?

    I have several non-ADHD friends who complain about their husbands' lack of participation in household chores.  This is what they say: "Oh, I just HATE how he does laundry!  He will fold everything, but only put HIS stuff away and leave my stuff and the kids stuff folded on the bed!" Or, "He just won't eat leftovers!  He insists on cooking a whole different meal every night and then we have all this extra food in the fridge that just goes bad!"  or, "When he takes the kids out, he doesn't re-stock the diaper bag as soon as he gets home!"  One friend was shocked that every morning I get up and get DD#1 ready for school, even though DH is the one who drops her off on his way (4 blocks farther) to work.  DH gets up and spends 45 minutes in the bathroom (with the iPad of course).  He is angry if I don't have her ready and her lunch packed on time.  My friend explained to me that in her relationship, whoever takes their daughter to school is the one who gets up and gets her ready and packs lunch the night before so that the other one can SLEEP IN.  They have routines in place, like, who will cook what night and who will clean what.  there is nothing like that here because I do everything.  One friend asked, "So... what would happen if you just didn't do it?"  well, that's easy.  the mess would just pile up.... Even after having what I'd hoped was a successful talk last week, I still came home to a mess last night.  After I'd gone to bed, he did a half assed job cleaning up but only after this conversation:

    me:  "Um... ok, so.... remember that you said it would be ok if you cleaned up on Fridays?"

    DH:  "No... YOU can clean it up!"

    me: "Ok... that's really not funny."

    This morning when I got up (at 6am with DD#2 - he never gets up with the kids....) The plates had been washed and the pots/pans were clean but he'd left them on the (dirty) stove.  there were cups on the table still half full of drinks, and the mess of toys/craft stuff he'd gotten out for the kids was left untouched, beads all over the floor just waiting to be stepped on.  Books, clothes, toys all over the floor & couch/coffee table...

    DD#1 had a bday party to go to and I was hosting a play date for DD#2, so instead of doing the work I need to get done for my classes next week (as per what we agreed on with our schedule) I had to frantically clean.  also, we were out of everything because of the hurricane and I had to go pick up something to feed these people.  DH (playing with the iPad, of course) asked where I was going.  I said I had to run out to get some food for the play date.  He said, annoyed, "Ummmm.... well, I gotta leave in like, 25 minutes, so do you want to take DD#2 with you?"  I just said, "No.  No, I don't.  I'll be back in 15-20 minutes."  He acted like he was doing me a big favor by going to the bday party, but in reality, he just brought DD#1 to the party and then went out for beer with the bday girl's dad. 

    He spends an average of 4 hours per weekday and 8 hours on Saturdays/sundays on the couch with the iPad watching videos, facebooking, reading articles... whatever.  While i am constantly in motion, picking up messes or cooking or cleaning....  It is so infuriating.  These numbers are NOT 'ADHD exaggeration' estimates.  I actually TIMED him and kept a log for 2 weeks.

    I was wondering if there was some ratio I don't understand... some dollar amount that I need to earn for him to actually start pitching in.  According to my Non ADD friends, this is not the case.  Even stay-at-home-mom friends of mine trade off housework with their spouses who work full time.  They all think he is self-centered and misogynist.  He DID grow up in a household where his mother did all the housework/cooking, but he always denies it when I ask him if he was influenced by that.  When I ask WHY he does nothing, he still always says, "I don't know."

    WHAT AM I DOING WRONG????? 

    I really can't go on like this.  I'm so angry these days my hands shake.

    mmrphrphhph!!!!!!!!!!

  • ADD and Exercise by: conbrio96 12 years 1 week ago

    I'm fairly certain that my husband has ADD, although he insists that he does not.  Apparently during his first marriage, his first wife made him go get tested, and he was told that while he was close to the diagnosis, he didn't have it.  He thinks it's a made-up disease used by people who want to control others.

    In spite of this, and in spite of our different temperaments, we have managed to learn to accommodate each other in most areas.  The one area where we cannot find common ground, however, is exercise.

    I am a very disciplined person, and until about six months ago, I exercised daily and loved it.  My husband was slightly overweight when I met him two years ago, and since then has gained about 40 pounds.  He says that he feels terrible about his weight and wants me to help him do something about it.  He says that he wants me to nag him about exercise.  But when I nag him, he gets defensive and talks about all the reasons he doesn't have time to do it.

    He gets angry at me when I exercise on my own.  He says "It must be nice to have time to do something that YOU want to do", and claims that he never has any time to do anything that he wants to do.  Because of this, I stopped exercising on my own and would only work out when he did.  The one time he caught me exercising on my own, he was furious with me and we fought for three days. 

    I am feeling so frustrated, because a) I am worried about his health (he had a grandfather who died at the age he is now), b) I feel as if he is asking me to be responsible for his well-being, and c) I am frustrated that I no longer get to do something that I enjoy.

    Is this typical ADD behavior, or is this related to some other issue?  Is it reasonable for one spouse to expect the other to nag them?  Is it reasonable to ask one spouse to only exercise when the other wants to?

    Thanks in advance for your insights!  :-)

     

  • Need advice about how to weather the resentments of my non-ADHD spouse by: Hannah Mac 12 years 1 week ago

    I have never posted in a Forum before. I am the ADHD spouse (diagnosed for 17 years/medicated for 4 months). The lifestyle that I had when I was first diagnosed was such that medication didn't seem crucial (the MD who diagnosed said it was mild and I might be fine with out medication). Fast forward 17 years and I am now married to a non-ADHD (maybe) man who I adore. When we met and fell in love I was in a terrible place in my life. My mother had passed away three years before, my father was dying, my then marriage was in a wreck, there were professional challenges (soon to be ex-husband and I taught together in the same vocational training and it seemed best that one of us leave the job so I did). Also, I am a massage therapist and was suffering from carpal tunnel so badly that I couldn't do that work either. Very shortly after my father finally passed (I had hospiced both parents at home) I left my husband and moved in with the man who is my current husband. We were very happy, very in love, it seemed like the most perfect and special relationship. One that we had dreamed of and never thought would happen. I am grateful for the happiness of that time, grateful for the love - it made the grief and loss of both my parents' death, the loss of a teaching position that I loved and the loss of my livelihood. At the same time my then partner (now husband) was dealing with the effects of his pending divorce and trying to manage the impact on various related relationships and shouldering the burden of some financial commitments related to his soon to be ex-wife. All of this is background to say that we were happy but also under pressure and I was a total mess really. Enter the ADHD. So many behaviors that had not surfaced in quite a while came raging to the forefront and I was snippy and denying it and being needy, selfish and disappointed by things that I shouldn't have. The worst part of all of it (and the most damaging piece according to my husband) was my denial when he called me on things. My ungracious acceptance or non-acceptance of his feedback. It set us into cycles of accusing and denial until I felt lost and hurt and he felt crazy. These were not infrequent occurrences but at the same time we were enjoying our relationship, our loving and our vision of a life together 

    Fast forward again: 3 years later, in spite of these issues, he proposed and we married last October. Still happy (but still in our cycles) we carried on. One day my husband became totally frustrated with me for something and I explained that it was an ADD moment. He said "show me in a book where it explains that that behavior is ADD". I handed him "Driven to Distraction, opened it to a particular spot and he sat down and read it. He was stunned. (Mind you, when we first met I told him that I was ADHD and was planning to go on medication. He asked me not to). I don't know what he already knew about ADD but he did not do any research or try to find anything more about it nor asked me any questions.  Shortly after that spotlight on ADD event he purchased a book about loving an ADD person. Since then - life has been hell. I have gone on medication and get better every day. I am more focused, complete tasks,am managing my time well and have been getting better about sarcastic or curt responses etc. I can also see my life more clearly in retrospect and feel very motivated about really managing the ADD. He is angry that it seems that the behavioral changes seem to fall in his court (accepting the manifestation of my ADD etc). I do not believe he is the one who has to change completely to accommodate me. Now he is full of resentment for my (admittedly) annoying, pitiful, needy behavior of our first years together and he cannot even see me in a positive light at all. Life since medication and ADD awareness is far worse than it was without. As a person with ADD I am well aware that we have an impact on our loved ones. I own that I have impacted him (it's curt responses and some childish disappointed behaviors - not financial devastation, inattention to him, embarrassing social behavior). He is sensitive to tone of voice and has some intense childhood issues and the curt responses and my denial that I was intentionally rude really affected him. He says now that he knows I would never intentionally hurt him AND he says he doesn't hold me personally responsible but we are in a terrible standoff. I have moved to the guest room. everything I attempt to say is perceived as an attack and he says he can't think of any of the good things we have experienced. What should I do while he goes through this process of anger and (hopefully) releasing resentments? I guess I deserve this but the frustration and pain of it all falling apart NOW is making my inner chaos worse. Even on the medication I am having trouble not experiencing ADD tailspin. 

    I am so committed to this marriage, to him, to managing the ADD. And I feel bad about his resentments (both that I caused them and that I have to experience the resentment). How have those of you who have gone through hell with your ADD partners worked through resentments to find your love again? Do we really have to lose all of our credibility?  Thanks. Sorry this was so long I am just so sad and distraught. I feel as though I have lost the man I adore and that none of the explanations or improvements even matter.

  • Is anyone dealing with the hypocrisy and defensiveness like this?? by: sweet_monster 12 years 1 week ago

    My relationship I have invested over 2 years into is about to fail.  I have been living my ADHD boyfriend for the past 1.5 years and it was always a bit tumultuous, however, he is wonderful in many ways with a great sense of humor.  He showed me he really wanted to make it work with me in the beginning and was very loving and touchy (in a good way)...as I have been reading, I am victim of the hyper-focus courtship, lol....great.  I now feel that he doesn't care to give me the things I need to feel secure and loved in the relationship.  He has admitted to me he was on meds in his 16 year marriage and he ended it b/c they grew apart....I feel like the only way to deal with ADD/ADHD is to literally go numb and grow apart from them...but I'm beginning to feel like a shell.  All I want to do is love him and have him love me back.  He doesn't believe in relationships where anyone is "forced" to do anything they don't "feel"....which unfortunately includes him doing anything for me I tell him I need unless it is something he actually "wants" to do.  What do I do with this....any suggestions?

    Some examples of what I hear from him:

    "You started it....so I snapped at you, so what, get over it...you are too sensitive."  When he snaps at me or cuts me off and I admittedly go balistic (or as he calls it, "the venom that you spew"...honestly, I am no angel, but I don't know what else to do other than erupt at this point)...he claims I take it to a whole new level and I have a "mean streak" in me b/c anyone who claims to love someone wouldn't freak out on him like that...."the punishment never matches the crime" he says  He thinks I should let him snap/bark at me and it'd be over in 2 seconds.....right....for him, not me!!  he doesn't realize the effect and inner turmoil it has on me....and seems to not care when I tell him. 

    I've told him to just apologize when he hurts my feelings or is harsh when he shuts me down (as he is incredibly impatient with me and he knows it...he says "I'm impatient with everyone").  I've gone so far as to say it's ok if he barks at me, just say your sorry after and I'll move on....but he refuses - he says "I'm not going to go through my life apologizing and besides, it's just words".  So I tell him he has 2 choices - he can apologize or receive my "wrath"...which is me going balistic.  He doesn't like either choice....he says, "just bark back."  It's like there is a disconnect..i don't want to "bark back".  He doesn't seem to care at all that what he does effects/hurts me.  And when I cry, he says "oh my god, are you going to cry now?"....I don't know how much more of the insensitivity I can take. 

    He says to me "just be nice"....and I say, "I'll be nice to you if you are nice to me".....his response is "why does it always have to start with me?  Do you ever work on yourself?"  I'm extremely frustrated.

    When I have an opinion that differs from him and I ask him for facts about why he feels the way he does, he thinks I am arguing with him and debating....and it's as if I can never learn anything from him b/c he can't converse in a normal way.  He gets angry.  I am walking on eggshells in my own home and I feel like I have to "turn off" just to walk in my door.  He also badgers me when I am "turned off/numb" asking me what is wrong until I gently tell him....and then he starts in with me that "here I go again". 

    He doesn't want to hear about my day or stories about people in my world...he says "don't you ever consider your audience?  Not everyone wants to hear what you have to say."   Then he says, "you grew up thinking everything you had to say was important because you are pretty and people just pretend to listen to be around you"....it's incredibly hurtful.

    He is also incredibly hypocritical and doesn't see it....even when I provide him examples that are so OBVIOUS....it's like he is completely blind and says "its not the same thing".  OMG....there is no logic I can provide that seems to sink in.  He thinks I'm "too logical" and not everything is about logic.....ok, but the examples are easy because he provides me all the ammo I need...and logic or not, they are concrete. 

    He says it is all me.  I've asked him to record our conversations...the answer is no.  I've asked him to go to therapy...the answer is no.  I've asked him to ask any 20 people of his choosing about the situation.....ANYthing to get an unbiased outsiders opinion about what is going on....the answer is still "no, not doing it!"  I feel like I am always trying to not upset him and he doesn't provide me the same courtesies at all.  If I'm wrong, I want to know, but if he is wrong, he refuses to hear it from anyone.  I don't know what to do.   I am SOOOO willing to do anything he needs (except deal with him being disrespectful and hurtful)....and he doesn't believe a relationship should be about giving what the other needs...just what you want to give.  This seems incredibly selfish, no?  What do I do with this....any suggestions?

  • Terrifically Worried About My Son... by: Pbartender 12 years 1 week ago

    Halfway through his first year of Kindergarden, my son was diagnosed with high-functioning autism.  Some of his symptoms are very similar to ADHD, but we haven't checked him out for it yet...  It'd honestly be difficult to distinguish them from the autism.  He's now 14 years old, in 8th grade, and he gets along pretty well most days.

    One of his primary symptoms has always been difficulties regulating his emotions, especially anger.  He'll have a tendency to shut down completely or react with physical violence.  And often it happens so fast that he can't catch himself, even with warnings and reminders from others.  Afterwards, he's perfectly and genuinely sorry over whatever he did.  He often says that once it starts he "can't think".

    And like a lot of autistics, he also has a tendency to self harm when he gets upset or overly frustrated with himself...  Banging his head against walls or tables, for example.  Once or twice, I found him tying himself -- arms and neck -- to the headboard of his bed.  When I talked to him about it, he said he was punishing himself.  I had several long talks with him about it, and had thought -- had hoped -- that was the end of it.

    Just the other day, I noticed he had some scuff marks on his neck.  They looked a little like the sort of abrasive marks you get on your shoulders when you wear a backpack that's loaded too heavy and has the straps adjusted too tight.  I thought that he might be tying himself up again.  I talked to him about again.  He didn't want to, but he admitted that he was wrapping things around his neck.

    This morning, he was a little late wetting out the door for the bus, so I went down to his room, knocked on his door and poked my head in.  I noticed the belt from his bath robe tied to the light fixture in his room and dangling down.  The paint around the fixture was cracked, as if it had been pulled slightly out of the ceiling.  I asked him about it.  He didn't walk to talk about it.  I let him know that this was serious, that he wasn't in trouble, and that we would talk about it after school, because I love him and want to find out what going on so I can help.

    This terrifies me beyond the capacity for rational thought.  This isn't the usual teenager contemplating suicide as a cry for help but not actually intending on going through it.  This is him trying and failing.  Had he been a little bit lighter, or had the lighting fixture been a little bit stronger, I might have come home to find him dead.

    I'm going to call my therapist as soon I calm down enough to do so, and get her advice...  she specializes in autism as well ADHD.  His autism complicates things, and I'm not sure how effective the usual suicide counseling would be.

     

    Pb.

     

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